Caleb Sharp

Bio

Caleb Sharp, or Sharp Caleb as he was also known for much of his life, was born in about 1729. According to Deerfield historian George Sheldon, Caleb was “part or wholly of Indian blood,” the son of “Deborah Calup an Indian Woman” who was baptized by the Reverend Jonathan Ashley of Deerfield in 1741. Sheldon noted that Caleb was “a successful hunter, judging from the amount of game and fur he exchanged for sundries at the store of Elijah Williams” as well as “a carpenter and millwright.”

Enslaved by Colonel Oliver Partridge of Hatfield, Massachusetts, Caleb served in King George's War (1744-1748) in Captain Elijah Williams' Company, and was posted at Fort Massachusetts in present-day North Adams, Massachusetts. According to an account book entry by Colonel William Williams of Deerfield, "Negro Sharp" purchased land in northern Berkshire County on behalf of his enslaver: “Colo Oliver Partridge Cr By his Negro Sharp £500 [to buy land in New Framingham, today Lanesborough, Massachusetts].” By November 1751, Caleb was enslaved by Colonel Williams, who purchased from Ebenezer Arms “a Pair of Pumps [shoes] for Sharp Caleb”. Arms charged Colonel Williams in 1752 for mending "yr negroes" shoes and purchases of "yr negros pumps." Caleb may have performed carpentry work for Samuel Dickinson of Deerfield (1687-1781) during this time, as Colonel Williams charged Dickinson for nails and sundries for "Sharp."

In December 1756, Elijah Williams still referred in his store accounts to Caleb Sharp as "Sharp Wms Negro." Subsequent entries suggest Caleb was a free man by January 1757, when he began making purchases and payments on his own account as “Sharp Caleb”.

Caleb reenlisted during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), serving as a private in Captain Samuel Well’s Company at Crown Point, New York, in 1755, and again with Captain Elijah Williams in 1756. It is possible Caleb’s emancipation in the later 1750s may have been connected with his militia service in this final colonial conflict. By the 1760s, Sharp Caleb was among the earliest settlers of the part of Deerfield that became the town of Conway where, according to a town history, he established the community’s first grist mill. In his oration of 1867, celebrating the centennial of Conway’s founding, the Reverend Charles Rice referred to Caleb Sharp as “half negro and half ‘Indian, or something else’, it is said… a vigorous man, a builder of saw mills and grist mills; and has already before or by the incorporation of the town, a grain mill running where the mill now [1867] stands.” Caleb appeared in the Massachusetts tax valuation of 1771 as half owner in a Conway mill.

Little information about Caleb's family survives except for his mother's baptism as an adult in 1741 and that he had a son, Caleb Sharp, jr. who married in 1753 and raised several children in Conway. Like his father, Caleb jr. was a carpenter; he was among the builders who constructed Deerfield’s Greek Revival style brick meetinghouse in 1824.

In 1799, Conway recorded the death of “Caleb Sharp a black man” aged 70, of “consumption” (likely tuberculosis.)