Jin Cole

first name
Jin
last name
Cole
gender
female
birth, death year
circa 1723 , 1808
first, last year in records
--, 1808
confidence level
confirmed identity
freed status (year freed)
enslaved
enslaver(s)
Ashley, Elihu; Ashley, Jonathan;
location(s)
Deerfield, MA  
place of origin
Guinea

Bio

According to George Sheldon, author of The History of Deerfield Massachusetts, “Jinny Cole, or simply Jin, as she was called, was a native of Guinea. By the tale she always told, she was daughter of a king in Congo, and when about twelve years old, she was one day playing with other children about a well, when they were pounced upon by a party of villains…. and the whole party were seized and hurried on board a slave ship”. Jin lamented that she and the other children would never see their mothers again. The ship came to the American colonies and three or four years later, Jin, with her infant son, Cato, arrived for sale in Boston, Massachusetts. Both were enslaved by the Reverend Jonathan Ashley of Deerfield, Massachusetts. He and his wife, Dorothy, had been married only a few years. The young couple (Jonathan was 26 and Dorothy was 25) had lost their first child, a baby of nine months, the same year that Jin and baby Cato were brought into the Ashley household. Jin's days were spent cooking, doing household chores, gardening, and tending to the Ashley's growing family while also tending to Cato. She cared for Dorothy during her pregnancies, which included the loss of another infant and a toddler. By 1755, the Ashleys had five children ranging in age from 1-16 years, and in 1757, Dorothy would have her last child.

The only account or daybook entries concerning Jin are in those of shoemaker, Zadock Hawks, who made or mended her shoes numerous times between 1761 and 1788.  

In Jin's old age Sheldon wrote that “she fully expected at death, or before, to be transported back to Guinea; and all her long life she was gathering, as treasures to take back to her mother land, all kinds of odds and ends, colored rags, bits of finery, worn out candlesticks, fragments of crockery or glassware, peculiar shaped stones, shells, buttons, beads, cones, -anything she could string. Nothing came amiss to her store.”  

Jin outlived Reverend Ashley and the gradual end of slavery in Massachusetts but continued working for Dorothy as well as helping to raise the Ashley's son Elihu's children during the remainder of her long life. She died on September 1, 1808, of a broken neck. She was about 85 years old and had fallen down the cellar stairs of a neighbor. Dorothy Ashley survived her by only a few weeks. Days before Jin's death the two women had been sewing a shroud for Jin. She had served the Ashley family for 70 years.

 

 

 

According to George Sheldon, author of The History of Deerfield Massachusetts, “Jinny Cole, or simply Jin, as she was called, was a native of Guinea. By the tale she always told, she was daughter of a king in Congo, and when about twelve years old, she was one day playing with other children about a well, when they were pounced upon by a party of villains…. and the whole party were seized and hurried on board a slave ship”. Jin lamented that she and the other children would never see their mothers again. The ship came to the American colonies and three or four years later, Jin, with her infant son, Cato, arrived for sale in Boston, Massachusetts. Both were enslaved by the Reverend Jonathan Ashley of Deerfield, Massachusetts. He and his wife, Dorothy, had been married only a few years. The young couple (Jonathan was 26 and Dorothy was 25) had lost their first child, a baby of nine months, the same year that Jin and baby Cato were brought into the Ashley household. Jin's days were spent cooking, doing household chores, gardening, and tending to the Ashley's growing family while also tending to Cato. She cared for Dorothy during her pregnancies, which included the loss of another infant and a toddler. By 1755, the Ashleys had five children ranging in age from 1-16 years, and in 1757, Dorothy would have her last child.

The only account or daybook entries concerning Jin are in those of shoemaker, Zadock Hawks, who made or mended her shoes numerous times between 1761 and 1788.

  In Jin's old age Sheldon wrote that “she fully expected at death, or before, to be transported back to Guinea; and all her long life she was gathering, as treasures to take back to her mother land, all kinds of odds and ends, colored rags, bits of finery, worn out candlesticks, fragments of crockery or glassware, peculiar shaped stones, shells, buttons, beads, cones, -anything she could string. Nothing came amiss to her store.”

  Jin outlived Reverend Ashley and the gradual end of slavery in Massachusetts but continued working for Dorothy as well as helping to raise the Ashley's son Elihu's children during the remainder of her long life. She died on September 1, 1808, of a broken neck. She was about 85 years old and had fallen down the cellar stairs of a neighbor. Dorothy Ashley survived her by only a few weeks. Days before Jin's death the two women had been sewing a shroud for Jin. She had served the Ashley family for 70 years.

 

 

Primary Source Entries for Jin Cole

Entry Source Vol Name Date entry id
Jenny a black woman - killed by a fall - 90 First Church of Deerfield [MA] Single 1808 Aug 1000
to making a pair of Shoes for Jene 1-0-0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1757-1790 1769 Oct 1370
to Souling Jene's Shoes 0-7-0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1761-1780 1761 Jan 1367
to a pair of Shoes for Jenne 1-10-0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1761-1780 1761 Dec 1366
to mending Gins Shoes 0-6-6 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1761-1780 1763 Feb 496
to a pair of Shoes for Jenne 1-10-0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1761-1780 1763 Nov 1368
Mr Ashley Dr to makeing a pair of shoes for Jenne 1 - 0 - 0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1768-1783 1769 Oct 2033
to mending Ginnes Shoes 0-7-6 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1768-1783 1774 Dec 680
to making a pair of Shoes for Janie 1 - 2 - 6 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1768-1783 1777 Dec 1390
to mending Jinneys Shoes 0-6-3 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1768-1783 1778 Feb 781
To mending Solomons Shoes and Janes 0-15-0 Zadock Hawks Account Book 1768-1783 1779 Mar 1397
to mending Gins Shoes 0-1-0 Zadock Hawks Day Book 1784-1786 1785 Jan 1408
To mending Gins Shoes 0-2-0 Zur Hawks Day Book 1787-1789 1787 Mar 1412
to mending Jans Boots 0-1-6 Zur Hawks Day Book 1787-1789 1787 Dec 698
To mending Jin's Shoes 0-1-0 Zur Hawks Day Book 1787-1789 1788 Oct 1413
Negroes:Jenny, Aug __, 1808 a 90 y, CRI Deerfield Vital Records to 1850 Deaths 1808 Aug 826
  [Cole, Cato and Jenny - previously noted in research] ? U.S. Census 1810? Deerfield Vital Records to 1850 1810 1479

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