Samuel Barnard was born in Deerfield, Massachusetts, in 1684. He was the fourth of 11 children born to Joseph Barnard (1641-1695), one of the town's early settlers. Samuel lived in Deerfield until about 1723, where he served as a Justice of the Peace and as a militia captain in Father Rale's War (1722-1725, also known as Dummer's War; Graylock's War.) Samuel moved to Salem, Massachusetts, shortly after the death of his wife and only child, where he amassed a fortune in trade. He married three more times but had no children; he left most of his considerable fortune to his nephew, Joseph Barnard.
Barnard owned extensive real estate and maintained business and family connections in Deerfield. He actively participated in sharing enslaved labor with his nephew Joseph and other members of the extended Barnard family. Samuel enslaved two men, Titus and Pompey. Joseph Barnard charged his uncle for their board and rented their labor as well as hiring them out out others in Deerfield throughout the 1740s.
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